Using these definitions, researchers find that optimism contributes to good health and pessimism contributes to illness. The main difference between optimists and pessimists is how they explain setbacks to themselves. Most people fall somewhere between the two extremes. There are varying degrees of this, of course it's not black or white. They consider the setback to be permanent, far-reaching and all their fault. When something bad happens, optimists think of it as temporary, limited in its effect, and not entirely their fault. Martin Seligman and his colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania found that optimistic people are happier than pessimists. Have we answered the question yet? Is the glass half-full or half-empty? A lot of research has been done on this issue in the last 30 years. Pessimists think optimists are foolish, optimists think pessimists make themselves unnecessarily miserable.
Chapter 34 of the book Self-Help Stuff That Works
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